This model is fitted with "three-way" catalytic converters. They are fitted to the exhaust system in order to render exhaust fumes harmless, especially CO (carbon monoxide), HC (unburnt hydrocarbons) and NOx (nitric oxide). The catalytic converter has a special honeycomb support, coated with aluminium oxide, which makes surface rough, thus offering a wider area to exhaust gas exposure. Aluminium oxide includes some activated substances helping reducing harmful substances. Activated substances are usually platinum and rhodium. Platinum oxidizes (combines with oxygen) CO and HC. Rhodium reduces (combines with CO) NOx. Exhaust gases must contain a certain quantity of oxygen for CO and HC to be oxidized to create water and carbon dioxide and for NOx to be reduced into nitrogen and carbon dioxide. This requires accurate air/fuel ratio control. Air-fuel mixture ratio is controlled by our sophisticated fuel feeding system, which ensures top precision while dosing air-fuel mixture.
The lambda sensor (Sect. M 3) checks exhaust gas oxygen content and immediately outputs this information to the control unit. To ensure utmost efficiency of the catalytic converters installed at the exhaust, the control unit controls injection so that air/fuel ratio is maintained close to ideal value,within a certain tolerance, thus obtaining minimum emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOX). 3-way catalytic converters then complete exhaust gas cleaning procedure converting CO, HC and NOX residues thus ensuring that emissions comply with EURO 2 standard.
In order to operate correctly, the catalytic converter must reach temperatures close to 800 °C and never less than 300 °C. However, exceeding the maximum temperature limit will irreparably damage the catalytic converter. For this reason, exhaust gas post-treating device should never include high amounts of unburnt fuel which would cause high temperature increase. This is why the ignition - injection system should always be in perfect operating conditions: ignitions should never be failed. In addition, never push start the motorcycle forward with the ignition key and the ENGINE STOP button set to ON. If the engine does not start, unburnt fuel will enter the exhaust system and get to the catalysts. Motorcycles fitted with catalytic converters can only be filled with unleaded gasoline. Lead would settle onto activated substances and limit their action against harmful substances in exhaust gas.